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Why does lithium battery charge more temperature than discharge

2023-04-12

The battery products of many companies can achieve normal discharge at low temperature, but at the same temperature, it is difficult to achieve normal charging, or even unable to charge. When Li+ is embedded in graphite material, it must first be solvated. This process will consume a certain amount of energy. Li+ is hindered from diffusing into the interior of graphite; on the contrary, Li+ will have a solvation process when the graphite material is released into the solution, and solvation does not consume energy, and Li+ can quickly come out of graphite. Therefore, the charge acceptance of graphite materials is significantly inferior to the discharge acceptance.
In a low temperature environment, lithium battery charging has certain risks. Because as the temperature decreases, the kinetic properties of the graphite negative electrode become worse. During the charging process, the electrochemical polarization of the negative electrode is significantly intensified, and the precipitated metal lithium is easy to form lithium dendrites, which break through the separator and cause a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes. .
Try to avoid charging lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures. When the battery must be charged at low temperature, it is necessary to select a small current (i.e. slow charge) to charge the lithium-ion battery as much as possible, and fully shelve the lithium-ion battery after charging, so as to ensure that the metal lithium precipitated from the negative electrode can react with graphite , re-embedded inside the graphite negative electrode.
Enterprises and scientific research institutions in the industry have focused on the exploration and research of low-temperature resistance of batteries, focusing on the process improvement of existing positive and negative electrode materials, and creating conditions for batteries to work at low temperatures by increasing the local ambient temperature of batteries. With the further development of advanced technology, lithium batteries will have further breakthroughs in low temperature environments.

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